🫀 PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE (PAD) vs. PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD) Peripheral ARTERY disease is when the arteries become narrowed, reducing blood flow to the extremities. 
🧠 Remember: Arteries carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart. Peripheral VASCULAR disease is when the veins are narrowed, leading to pooling of blood in the extremities. 
🧠 Remember: Veins carry DEoxygenated blood back to VISIT the heart. ⭐️Key Differences Between PAD vs. PVD: ➡️ Pulses:
PAD: Decreased/absent
PVD: Present (may need Doppler) ➡️ Skin:
PAD: Dry, thin, shiny, and missing hair
PVD: Thick, tough ➡️ Color and Temperature:
PAD: Pale and cool
PVD: Brown/yellow and warm ➡️ Edema:
PAD: None (due to decreased blood flow)
PVD: Present ➡️ Pain:
PAD: Intermittent claudication (sharp pain with activity that goes away with rest)
PVD: Constant, dull, achy ➡️ Wounds:
PAD: Eschar, necrosis, on toes/tops of feet, deep with a hole-punched look
PVD: Red, granulation, drainage, on medial lower legs/ankles, shallow and irregularly shaped 💬 Comment below if you'd like a part 2, and share with a fellow nursing student! #nursingschool #nursingstudent #pvd #cardiology #nclex #nclexreview #nursingstudentsoftiktok #nursingmajor #nursingtiktok #nursesoftiktok #nursetok

💧Nephrotic Syndrome Review for Nursing Students Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur due to damage to the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys. ⭐️ Glomerulus Function: * Filters small molecules like water and waste * Keeps large molecules like blood and protein When the glomeruli become damaged, the kidneys lose their ability to prevent protein from being filtered into the urine, leading to massive protein loss. 🟡 Nephrotic Syndrome Symptoms: * Edema (fluid retention) * Periorbital edema (fluid around the eyes) * Peripheral edema * Ascites * Frothy urine (due to increased protein in urine) * Weight gain * Fatigue * Loss of appetite * Hyperlipidemia 💬 Comment below if you'd like a part 2 and other topics you’d like to see covered! #nursingschool #nursingstudent #nursingeducation #renal #nephroticsyndrome #nclex #nclexreview #nursingstudentsoftiktok #nursingmajor #nursingtiktok #nursetok #nursesoftiktok #nclexprep

🫀 INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS Infective endocarditis refers to inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost layer of the heart that lines the chambers and valves, caused by an infection. 🦠 Bacteria enter the bloodstream, attach to heart valves, causing: * Growths, called vegetations, consisting of platelets, bacteria, immune cells, and fibrin * These can damage heart tissue, impair pumping ability, and decrease cardiac output * Vegetations can break off, becoming emboli, which can lead to stroke or pulmonary embolism 🔸 Symptoms: * Osler's nodes: Painful lesions on hands and feet * Janeway lesions: Non-tender lesions on palms and feet * Splinter hemorrhages: Thin, dark streaks under nails * Roth spots: Tiny hemorrhages in the retina * Other symptoms: Fever, chills, new or changed heart murmur, crackles, dyspnea, chest pain, splenomegaly, edema, ascites, and petechiae 💬 Comment below if you’d like a part 2! #nursingstudent #nursingschool #nursingstudents #nursingeducation #nursingstudentsoftiktok #nursetok #nursesoftiktok #nursingmajor #nursingtiktok #nclex

🫁 PNEUMOTHORAX A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the pleural space surrounding the lungs, causing lung collapse. ➡️ Open Pneumothorax: * Air enters from an outside opening * Commonly caused by penetrating wounds like gunshots or stabs * Referred to as a "sucking chest wound," making a hissing sound during inhalation ➡️ Closed Pneumothorax: * Air enters without an outside opening * Caused by rib fractures or spontaneous pneumo (rupture of small air sacs called blebs) ⭐️Types of Spontaneous Pneumo: * Primary: No history of lung disease * Secondary: History of lung disease ➡️ Tension Pneumothorax: * Both open and closed pneumos can lead to this medical emergency * Air can't escape, leading to pressure buildup in the thoracic cavity, compressing the lungs and heart ⚠️Symptoms: Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hypoxia, and tracheal deviation ✅Treatment: Needle decompression to relieve the pressure 💬 Comment below if you’d like a part 2, and check out the full study sheet in the nursing school success bundle! #nursingstudent #nursingschool ##pneumothorax #respiratory #nursingstudentsoftiktok #nursingstudents #nursingmajor #nursetok #nursetiktok #nursingtiktok #nclex #nclexstudying

🧠 CRANIAL NERVES 🧠 Cranial nerves originate in the brain and are responsible for various functions in the head, neck, and other parts of the body. There are 12 cranial nerves, and each is categorized as sensory, motor, or both. ⭐️ Memory Trick:
“On occasion our trusty truck acts funny very good vehicle any how” for the nerves.
“Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter most” for their functions! 🩷 CN I: Olfactory * Controls sense of smell * Sensory
→ Think you have ONE nose! 🩷 CN II: Optic * Controls vision ability * Sensory
→ Think you have TWO eyes! 💙 CN III: Oculomotor * Upward eye movement + pupillary reflex * Motor 💙 CN IV: Trochlear * Downward and medial eye movements * Motor 🔸 CN V: Trigeminal * Facial sensation + chewing * Both 💙 CN VI: Abducens * Lateral eye movement * Motor
→ Think abduSIDES for sideways eye movement! 💜 CN VII: Facial * Facial movements + taste * Both 🩷 CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear * Controls hearing and balance * Sensory 💜 CN IX: Glossopharyngeal * Throat sensation, swallowing, salivation * Both 💜 CN X: Vagus * Digestion, swallowing, heart rate, and respiration * Both 💙 CN XI: Accessory * Shoulder and neck movement * Motor 💙 CN XII: Hypoglossal * Tongue movement * Motor 💬 Comment below with the memory trick YOU used in nursing school! #nursingschool #nursingstudent #cranialnerves #neuro #medsurg #nclex #nclexrn #nursingmajor #nursingstudentsoftiktok #nursingstudents #nursesoftiktok